Terminology

The User Datagram Protocol is a communication protocol used to send messages (datagrams) to other hosts on an Internet Protocol (IP) network without establishing a connection or verifying the delivery.

A UDP datagram is a message (transported as a packet) that is sent using the User Datagram Protocol (UDP) to another host on an Internet Protocol (IP) network. It consists of a header and a data section (the payload). The header contains the source and destination port numbers, the length of the datagram, and a checksum for error detection.

The Maximum Transmission Unit is the size of the largest data packet that can be communicated in a single network layer transaction. It depends on the underlying network technology and can affect the performance and efficiency of data transmission. Packets that exceed the MTU must be fragmented and reassembled.

An initialization vector is a random or pseudorandom number that is used with a secret key to encrypt data. It helps prevent the same plaintext from producing the same ciphertext when encrypted, which could reveal patterns to attackers.

A Retransmission Timer is a timer that keeps track of the time since an SSGSCP packet was sent. If this time exceeds the Retransmission Timeout (RTU), the packet will be retransmitted. The retransmission timer is started for only some packet types.

The Retransmission Timeout is the time after which the SSGSCP packet was sent is resent as it is assumed that it was lost during transmission. It is equal to a value larger than the connection round-trip time (RTT), for example 2 * average RTT, to account for unexpected changes in network latency.

Network Address Translation is an Internet standard that maps an IP address space into another by modifying network address information in packets. The main goal of NAT is to provide internet access to multiple devices that share the same public IP address. NAT can be distinguished between source NAT and destination NAT, depending on whether the source or the destination IP address (or port) is modified. Source NAT is typically used to allow devices with private IP addresses to access the internet using a public IP address, while destination NAT is typically used to allow devices on the internet to access services hosted on devices with private IP addresses, e.g. hosting a website on a server with a private IP address.

The Pre-Shared Key is a symmetric 256-bit encryption key stored in the memory of the server and client used to encrypt and decrypt messages between them.